Steep turns consist of single to multiple 360° turns, in either or both directions, using a bank angle between 45° and 60°.
When performing steep turns, pilots are exposed to:
As an airplane is banked, back pressure on the pitch control is applied to maintain level flight. The increase in lift results in more drag and a slower airspeed.
The bank angle also increases the load factor and stalling speed. This is undesirable. The stall speed is increasing, and the airspeed is decreasing. Power must be increased to overcome drag and maintain a margin above the stall speed.
Load Factor | Drag | Stall Speed | Power Required |
---|---|---|---|
Increases | Increases | Increases | Increases |
Steep turns can be performed with or without trim. Using trim reduces the need for large control inputs and allows the pilot to keep a light feel on the controls during the turn.
If using trim, adjust it as the bank angle goes beyond 30°. During the rollout, apply forward pressure on the pitch control to prevent "ballooning" (gaining altitude) until the trim is reset.
Airspeed | Altitude | Bank | Rollout |
---|---|---|---|
±10 KIAS | ±100' | 45° ±5° (SPT, PVT) 50° ±5° (COM) | ±10° |