Book Category: Quick Reference Guides

Vestibular Illusions Leading to Spatial Disorientation IllusionCaused ByIncorrect SensationPreventionFalse HorizonSloping clouds or ground lighting patternsAircraft appears level when bankedCross-check attitude indicatorRelative MotionMovement of nearby aircraft or objectPilot senses own aircraft movingVerify with fixed external referencesFlicker VertigoFlickering sunlight through propeller or strobe lightsVisual confusion and disorientationShift gaze and rely on instrumentsConfusion with Ground LightsGround lights mistaken […]

Report NameIssuance TimesValid PeriodInformation ContainedAviation Routing Weather Report (METAR)METAR hourly; SPECI as conditions warrantObservation time onlyForecast wind, visibility, weather, and ceiling within 5 SM of the airportTerminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)0000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, 1800Z24 hours; 30 hours at select airportsForecast period shown on the chartPilot Weather Report (PIREP)As reportedObservation time onlyInflight conditions, including turbulence, icing, cloud […]

Medical Certificate Comparison These tables compare operations with a U.S. Driver’s License, BasicMed, and 3rd Class Medical Certificates, detailing their requirements, privileges, and limitations to help pilots and instructors choose the best option. Application & Eligibility Requirements CategoryU.S. Driver’s License OnlyBasicMed3rd Class MedicalRequirements and Process for Obtaining Certification(Refs: 14 CFR 61.23, 14 CFR 61.113, 14 […]

Medical FactorCausesSymptomsPrevention and Corrective ActionsHypoxialack of oxygeneuphoria, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, tingling sensations, cyanosisuse supplemental oxygen, descend to a lower altitudeCarbon Monoxide Poisoningexhaust fumes, cigarette smokehypoxia symptoms, muscle weakness, confusionturn off cabin heater, open fresh air vents, use supplemental oxygenHyperventilationbreathing too fasthypoxia symptoms, muscle spasmsbreathe slower, breathe into a bagMiddle Ear and Sinus Problemstrapped gasses (cold, […]

Function / ComponentFuel SystemOil SystemHydraulic SystemElectrical SystemMedium movedFuel (liquid)Engine oilHydraulic fluidElectrons (in conductors)Source of flowFuel tankOil sumpFluid reservoirBattery or alternatorCreates pressureGravity or fuel pumpOil pumpEngine-driven or electric hydraulic pumpAlternator or battery voltageControls flowFuel selector, shutoff valvePressure relief valve, bypass valveSelector valves, pressure regulatorsSwitches, relays, circuit breakersStores energyFuel in tanksN/A (thermal system, not energy storage)Accumulator (in […]

General Information V-speeds are airspeeds defined for specific maneuvers and configurations. They may be stated in MPH or knots, and as calibrated airspeeds (CAS) or indicated airspeeds (IAS). Newer AFM/POHs use knots indicated airspeed (KIAS). Note: The “V” stands for “Vitesse,” a French word for speed or rate. Unless otherwise noted in the AFM/POH, V-speeds […]

Instrument Ratings and Logging Flight Time Instrument Rating Required References: 14 CFR 61.3, 14 CFR 61.133, 14 CFR 91.135, 14 CFR 91.157 Instrument Currency Required Reference: 14 CFR 61.57 Instrument currency is required to act as PIC under IFR or in weather conditions below VFR flight minimums. 66 HIT The instrument experience must be obtained […]

Pilot Experience: Certificates and Documents: Responsibility: Cautions: Aircraft Airworthiness: Maintenance: Inspections: Environment Aircraft: Airports: Airspace and Navigation: ATC Services and Procedures: External Pressures

Human Behavior What is Human Behavior? Human behavior can be defined as the result of attempts to satisfy certain needs. Human Needs and Motivation Motivation is the force that causes a person to move toward a goal. It is the greatest influence on learning. Motivations may be: Human needs are the things that humans require […]

Principles of Risk Management The Risk Management Process The 3P Model Identifying Hazards (Perceive) PAVE Assessing Risk (Process) CARE Mitigating Risk (Perform) TEAM 3D Rule of Risk Mitigation Levels of Risk The level of risk can be determined by assessing: Self Assessment I’M SAFE Preflight Assessment The 5P Checklist The Decision-Making Process DECIDE Simplified 3P […]